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Bismillāh ar-Rahmān ar-Rahīm


SIGNIFICANT WORDS AND PHRASES IN

SŪRAH AL-FATH, SŪRAH AL-HUJURĀT,

AND SŪRAH QĀF

 

 

          14.  ARABIC GRAMMAR

          a. Nouns (Other than those already mentioned)

          fath(an), victory, Verse number (48:1)

          ni‘mah, favour, (48:2)

          nasr(an), help, (48:3)

          as-Sakīnah, Tranquility, (48:4)

          junūd, forces, troops, (48:4)

          fawz(an), triumph, (48:5)

          zann, thought, (48:6)

          amwāl, property, possessions, (48:11)

          shay’(an), a thing, (48:11), (49:14)

          Mulk, Kingdom (of Allah), (48:14)

          haraj, blame, (48:17)

          al-a‘mā, the blind, (48:17)

          al-a‘raj, the lame, (48:17)

          al-marīd, the sick, (48:17)

          āyah, a sign (from Allah), (48:20)

          waliyy, protecting friend, (48:22)

          nar, helper, (48:22)

          mahilla, place (of sacrifice), (48:25)

          al-jāhiliyyah, ignorance (refers especially to the ignorance of the pre-Islamic days), (48:26)

          kalimah, a word, (48:26)

          shay’, thing, (48:26), (49:16), (50:2)

          al-haqq, truth, (48:27), (50:19)

          Fadl, Grace (of Allah), (48:29), (49:8)

          Ridwān(ā), Good Pleasure (of Allah), (48:29)

          sīmā, mark, (48:29)

          athar, traces, (48:29)

          mathal(u), likeness, example, (48:29)

          qawl, speech, (49:2)

          naba’, news, (49:6)

          al-amr, the affairs, (49:7)

          Ni‘mah, Favour (of Allah), (49:8)

          ism, name, (49:11)

          sabīl, way, (49:15)

          raj‘(un), return, (50:3)

          amr, state, (50:5)

          furūj, rifts, (50:6)

          zawj, pair, (50:7)

          dhikrā, reminder, admonition, (50:8)

          wa‘īd, threat, (50:14)

          labs, doubt, (50:15)

          khalq, creation, (50:15)

          qawl, word, (50:18)

          qarīn, companion, (50:23)

          salām, peace, (50:34)

          batsh, valour, (50:36)

          mahīs, place of refuge, (50:36)

          ayyām, days, (50:38)

          lughūb, weariness, (50:38)

          makān, place, (50:41)

          as-sayhah, the uproar, (50:42)

          al-Masīr, the Return (to Allah), the Final Destination, (50:43)

          I.  Masculine/Feminine
          al-mu’minīn, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (masculine), (48:4)
          al-mu’minūn, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (masculine), (48:12), (49:10)

          al-mu’mināt, the Muslim believers (those with Īmān, Faith) (feminine), (48:5)

              al-munāfiqīn, the hypocritical men, (48:6)
              al-munāfiqāt, the hypocritical women, (48:6)

              al-mushrikīn, the polytheist men, (48:6)
              al-mushrikāt, the polytheist women, (48:6)

              rijāl, men, (48:25)
              nisā’, women, (48:25)

              kathīr, much (masculine), (49:12)
              kathīrah, much (feminine), (48:19)

              dhakar, male, (49:13)
              unthā, female, (49:13)

          b. Plurals

          nafs, self, (48:10), (50:16)
          anfus, persons, lives, (49:15)

          sawt, voice, (49:2)
          aswāt, voices, (49:2)

          as-samā’, the heaven, sky, (50:6)
          as-samāwāt, the heavens, (48:4), (49:16)

          ‘abd, servant, (50:8)
          ‘ibād, servants, (50:11)
          ‘abīd, servants, (50:29)

          baldah, a city, (50:11)
          al-bilād, the cities, (50:36)

          insān, man, (50:16)
          an-nās, mankind, people, (49:13)

          qalb, heart, (50:33)
          qulūb, hearts, (48:4), (49:3)

          c. Opposites
          al-mu’minīn, faithful Muslim believers, (48:4)
          al-kāfirīn, the non-believers, (48:13)
          al-kuffār, the non-believers, (48:29)

          darr(an), harm, (48:11)
          naf‘(an), benefit, (48:11)

          Yaghfiru, He (Allah) forgives, (48:14)
          Yu‘adhdhibu, He (Allah) punishes (for bad deeds), (48:14)

          ajr(an) hasanā, a good reward (from Allah), (48:16)
          ‘adhāb(an) alīmā, a painful punishment (from Allah for bad deeds), (48:16)

          alladhīna kafarū, those who disbelieve, (48:22)
          alladhīna āmanū, those who believe, (48:29), (49:1)

          ashiddā’u, hard, stern, (48:29)
          ruhamā’u, tender, merciful, (48:29)

          kathīr, much, (49:12)
          qalīl(ā), little, (48:15)

          ba‘īd, far-off, (50:3)
          qarīb, near, (50:41)

          al-yamīn, right, (50:17)
          ash-shimāl, left, (50:17)

          tulū‘, rising (of the sun), (50:39)
          ghurūb, setting (of the sun), (50:39)

          d. Personal Pronouns

          , We (refers to Allah), Fatah, We (Allah) granted, (48:1); Khalaqnā, We (Allah) created, (49:13); ‘Alimnā, We (Allah) know, (50:4)

          ka, you (masculine, singular), (48:1), (49:4), (50:22)

          Huwa, He (refers to Allah), (48:4)

          , it (feminine), (48:5), (50:6)

          hum, them (masculine), (48:5), (49:3), (50:2)

          him, them (masculine), (48:6), (49:5), (50:45)

          , us, fastaghfirlanā, so you ask forgiveness for us, (48:11)

          kum, you (masculine, plural), (48:11), (49:2), (50:28)

          tum, you (masculine, plural), (48:12), (49:2)

          hum, they (masculine), (48:25), (49:5), (50:5)

          , it (masculine), (48:28), (49:7)

          , him, (49:2)

          humā, them both (masculine, dual), (49:9), (50:38)

          hunna, them (feminine), (49:11)

          , we, āmannā, we have believed, (49:14), mitnā, we die, (50:3)

          , Us (refers to Allah), ‘Indanā, with Us, (50:4); Ladaynā, with Us (50:35)

          , it (masculine), (50:9)

          Nahnu, We (refers to Allah), (50:16)

          hi, him, (50:16)

          ta, you (masculine, singular), (50:19)

          hu, him, (48:9), (50:26)

          tu, I, (50:28)

          Ana, I (refers to Allah), (50:29)

          ti, you (feminine), (50:30)

          huwa, he, (50:37)

          Hu, Him (Allah), (50:40)

          anta, you (masculine), (50:45)

          e. Possessive Pronouns
          , His (refers to Allah), Ni‘matahū, His (Allah’s) Favour, (48:2), Rasūlahū, His (Allah’s) (Prophetic) Messenger, (49:14)

          him, their (masculine), Īmānihim, their Faith, (48:4)

          , His (refers to Allah), Rasūlihī, His (Allah’s) Prophetic Messenger, (48:9), (49:1)

          , his, nafsihī, his self, (48:10)

          , our, amwālunā, our possessions, (48:11)

          kum, your (masculine, plural), qulūbikum, your hearts, (48:12), aswātakum, your voices, (49:2)

          hum, their (masculine), sīmāhum, their mark, (48:29), aswātahum, their voices, (49:3)

          , his, nafsuhū, his self, (50:16)

          ka, your (masculine, singular), ghitā’aka, your covering, (50:22)

          , our, Rabbanā, our Lord Sustainer, (50:27)

          ka, your (masculine, singular), Rabbika, your Lord Sustainer, (50:39)

          f. Relative Pronouns

          Alladhī, One Who (refers to Allah), (48:4)

          alladhīna, those who (masculine), (48:10), (49:1)

          , who, whoever, (48:10)

          man, who, whoever, (48:10)

          allatī, which (feminine), (48:23)

          , what, whatever, (48:2), (49:6), (50:4)

          allatī, one who (feminine), (49:9)

          alladhī, one who (masculine), (50:26)

          g. Interrogative Particles

          a, would you?, (49:12), (50:6)

          kayfa, how?, (50:6)

          hal, are you?, (50:30)

          kam, how many?, (50:36)

          h. Demonstrative Pronouns

          dhālika, that (masculine), (48:5), (50:3)

          hādhihi, these (feminine), (48:20)

          ulā’ika, those, (49:3)

          hādhā, this (masculine), (50:2)

          i. Adjectives (Other than those already mentioned)

          mubīn(an), clear, (48:1)

          mustaqīm(ā), straight (refers to the Straight Path of Islām), (48:2)

          ‘azīz(ā), mighty, (48:3)

          ‘azīm(ā), great, (48:5)

          as-saw’, evil, (48:6)

          qalīl(ā), little, (48:15)

          shadīd, severe, (48:16), (50:26)

          hasan(ā), good, (48:16)

          alīm(ā), painful, (48:16)

          qarīb(ā), imminent, (48:18)

          kathīrah, much, abundant, (48:19)

          jahr, aloud, (49:2)

          ‘azīm, great, (49:3)

          kathīr, much, (49:7)

          khayr, better, (49:11)

          bi’sa, bad, (49:11)

          kathīr, most, (49:12)

          ‘ajīb, strange, (50:2)

          ba‘īd, far, (50:3)

          marīj, confused, (50:5)

          bahīj, beautiful, (50:7)

          mubārak(an), blessed, (50:9)

          maytā, dead, (50:11)

          al-awwal, the first, (50:15)

          jadīd, new, (50:15)

          hadīd, sharp, (50:22)

          ‘atīd, ready, (50:23)

          qarīb, near, (50:41)

          yasīr, easy, (50:44)

          j. Verbs

          I. Present Tense

          yubāyi‘ūna(ka), (those who) swear allegiance (to you), (48:10)

          yankuthu, breaks (an oath), (48:10)

          yaqūlūna, they say, (48:11), (50:39)

          yamliku, possesses, (48:11)

          Yaghfiru, He (Allah) forgives, (48:14)

          Yu‘adhdhibu, He (Allah) punishes (for bad deeds), (48:14)

          Yashā’, He (Allah) pleases, wills, (48:14)

          yurīdūna, they wish, (48:15)

          yubaddilū, to change, (48:15)

          Yuti‘illāh(a), obeys Allah, (48:17)

          yablugha, reaching, (48:25)

          yabtaghūna, seeking, (48:29)

          yu‘jibu, amazes, looks marvelous, (48:29)

          yaghuddūna (aswātahum), they lower down (their voices), (49:3)

          yunādūna(ka), they call out (to you), (49:4)

          yakūnū, they (masculine) may be, (49:11)

          yakunna, they (feminine) may be, (49:11)

          yuhibbu, like (literally, it means love), (49:12)

          ya’kula, to eat, (49:12)

          Ya‘lamu, He (Allah) knows, (49:16)

          yamunnūna, they take it as a favour, (49:17)

          Yamunnu, He (Allah) confers a favour, (49:17)

          yatalaqqā, receive (dual), (50:17)

          yakhāfu, fears, (50:45)

          II. Past Tense

          anzala, sent down, (48:4)

          ghadiba, to be angry with, (48:6)

          la‘ana, to curse, (48:6)

          a‘adda, to prepare, (48:6)

          nakatha, to break (an oath), (48:10)

          zuyyina, made pleasing (passive voice), (48:12)

          Qāla, He (Allah) said, (48:15)

          Radiya, He (Allah) was pleased, (48:18)

          ‘Alima, He (Allah) knew, (48:18)

          Athāba, He (Allah) rewarded, (48:18)

          Wa‘ada, He (Allah) has promised, (48:20)

          ‘Ajjala, He (Allah) has hastened, (48:20)

          Kaffa, He (Allah) restrained (your hands and their hands against one another), (48:20)

          ja‘ala, made, had, (48:26)

          Sadaqa, He (Allah) proved true, (48:27)

          Ja‘ala, He (Allah) granted, assigned, (48:27)

          Arsala, He (Allah) sent, (48:28)

          jā’a, comes, came, (49:6), (50:2

          Zayyana, He (Allah) has adorned, (49:7)

          Karraha, made hateful, (49:7)

          qālat, said (feminine), (49:14)

          jāhadū, they struggled, they strived, (49:15)

          Hadā, He (Allah) has guided, (49:17)

          ‘ajibū, they wondered, (50:2)

          qāla, he said, (50:2)

          kadhdhabū, they belied, (50:5)

          kadhdhabat, belied (feminine), (50:12)

          kadhdhaba, belied (masculine), (50:14)

          haqqa, proved true, (50:14)

          ja‘ala, set up, (50:26)

          khashiya, (whoever) feared (Allah), (50:33)

          naqqabū, they searched, (50:36)

          massa, touched, to touch, (50:38)

          III. Future Tense

          (li)Yudkhila, (so that) He (Allah) may admit, (48:5)

          Yukaffira, He (Allah) may remove, (48:5)

          Yu‘adhdhiba, He (Allah) may punish (for bad deeds), (48:6)

          sa Yu’tī(hi), (Allah) shall give (him), (48:10)

          sa yaqūlu, (they) will say, (48:11)

          (fa) sa yaqūlūna, (then) they will say, (48:15)

          yuslimūna, they shall become Muslims, (48:16)

          Yu’ti, He (Allah) will give, (48:16)

          Yu‘adhdhib(kum), He (Allah) will punish (you) (for bad deeds), (48:16)

          Yudkhil, He (Allah) will admit, (48:17)

          yatawalla, will turn away, (48:17)

          ya’khudhūna(hā), they will take (it), (48:18)

          (li)yuzhira, (so that) He (Allah) may make (it) prevail, (48:28)

          nufikha, will be blown (passive voice), (50:20)

          yasma‘ūna, they will hear, (50:42)

          IV. Continuous Tense

          (li)Yaghfira, (so that) He (Allah) may forgive, (48:2)

          Yutimma, He (Allah) may complete, (48:2)

          Yahdiya(ka), He (Allah) may guide (you), (48:2)

          Yansura(ka), (Allah) may help (you), (48:3)

          (li)yazdādū, (so that) they might add, (48:4)

          Arāda, He (Allah) wishes, (48:11)

          yutī‘u(kum), were to follow (you), (49:7)

          V. Imperatives

          qul, say!, (48:11), (49:14)

          wa‘lamū, and know! (plural), (49:7)

          (fa) aslihū, (then) make peace, reconcile! (plural), (49:9)

          aqsitū, do justice! (plural), (49:9)

          ijtanibū, avoid! (plural), (49:12)

          qūlū, say! (plural), (49:14)

          alqiyā, fling! (dual), (50:24)

          udkhulū, enter! (plural), (50:34)

          fasbir, so be patient!, (50:39)

          sabbih, glorify!, (50:39)

          wastami‘, and listen!, (50:41)

          (fa) dhakkir, (so) admonish!, (50:45)

          k. Adverbs and Prepositions

          I. Adverbs

          tahti, under, (48:5)

          fawqa, over, above, (48:10), (49:2), (50:6)

          qablu, previously, (48:15)

          ba‘d(i), after, (48:24)

          ba‘d(a), after, (49:11)

          warā’i, behind, (49:4)

          ‘inda, with, (50:4)

          qabla, before, (50:12)

          laday, nearby, with, (50:18)

          bayna, in-between, (50:38)

          II. Prepositions

          la, to, (48:1), (49:2)

          min, of, (48:2), (49:7)

          min, from, (49:4), (50:2)

          min, at, (49:11)

          ‘alay, upon, ‘alay(ka), upon (you), (48:2)

          li, so that, (48:2)

          , in, (48:4), (49:7), (50:5)

          li, to, (48:4), (49:2), (50:30)

          li, for, (49:3), (50:8)

          ma‘a, with, together with, (48:4), (50:21)

          ‘an, from, (48:5), (50:22)

          bi, about, concerning, (48:6), (49:16)

          la, for, (48:6), (49:3), (50:3)

          bi, in, (48:9)

          ‘alā, to, (48:10)

          ilā, to, (48:12), (49:9), (50:6)

          ‘an, with, (48:18)

          ‘alā, against, (48:29), (49:9)

          ‘alā, on, upon, (48:29), (49:6)

          bi, with, (49:2), (50:5)

          hattā, until, (49:5)

          ilay, to, (49:5), (50:16)

          la, that, (49:5)

          , among, (49:7)

          ‘alay, to, (49:17)

          wa, by (oath), (50:1)

          la, in, (50:6)

          bi, by, (50:15)

          min, about, regarding, (50:15)

          min, than, (50:16)

          ‘an, on, to, (50:17)

          li, of, (50:25)

          bi, of, (50:28)

          ‘alā, over, with, (50:39)

          min, in, during (some part of), (50:40)

          l. Conjunctions

          wa, and, (48:2), (49:1), (50:3)

          fa, so, (48:10), (50:2)

          in, if, (48:11), (49:6)

          aw, or, (48:11), (50:37)

          an, that, (48:12), (49:17), (50:2)

          idhā, when, (48:15), (50:3)

          kamā, just as, (48:16)

          idh, when, (48:15), (50:17)

          law, if, (48:22), (49:5)

          fa, then, (48:26), (49:6)

          fa, but, (49:9)

          lammā, when, (50:5)

          m. Words of Affirmation and Negation

          I. Words of Affirmation

           

          Innā, indeed We (refers to Allah), (48:1), (50:43)

          inna, indeed, (49:1), (50:37)

          kāna, is, would have been, was, (48:4), (49:5), (50:27)

          laqad, certainly, (48:18), (50:16)

          II. Words of Negation

          lam, not (48:13), (49:11), (50:6)

          lan, not, (48:15)

          , not, (48:15), (49:1)

          laysa, not, (48:11)

          lammā, not yet, (49:14)

          , no (50:6)

          n. Superlatives

          ahaqqa, more entitled to, (48:26)

          ahla, more worthy, (48:26)

          ashiddā’u, hard, (48:29)

          aktharu, most, (49:4)

          akrama, most honourable, (49:13)

          atqā, most pious, (49:13)

          aqrabu, nearer, (50:16)

          ashaddu, stronger, (50:36)

          (Nahnu) A‘lamu, (We) (Allah) Know best, (50:45)

          p. Definite and Indefinite Articles

          I. Words with the Definite Article ‘the’

           

          as-sakīnah, the tranquility, (48:4)

           

          an-Nabī, the Prophet (refers to Prophet Muhammad, Sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa Sallam), (49:2)

          al-Qur’ān, the Qur’ān, (50:1)

          II. Words with the Indefinite Articles ‘a’ or ‘an’

          fath(an), a victory, (48:1)

          haraj(un), blame, (48:17)

           

          ‘ilm(in), knowledge, (48:25)

          Maghfirat(un), Forgiveness (from Allah), (49:3

           

          naba’(in), news, (49:6)

           

          qawm(an), a people, (49:6)

           

          Mundhir(un), a Warner (refers to Prophet Muhammad, Sallallāhu ‘alayhi wa Sallam), (50:2)

          turāb(an), dust, (50:3)

          amr(in), a state, a matter, (50:5)

          q. Numbers

          ahadu, one, (49:12)

          ihdā, one, (49:9)

          sittah, six, (50:38)

           

           



           

           

           

           

           

           

           


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